基于变化轨迹分析方法的生态用地流失空间关联研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘金雅  汪东川  孙然好  汪翡翠  胡炳旭  陈俊合  孙志超 《地理研究》2020,39(1):103-114

针对现有研究割裂了生态用地流失这一基本变化过程的不足,本文基于变化轨迹分析方法,从过程完整性角度探求了京津冀城市群地区生态用地流失的空间关联特征。结果表明：① 京津冀城市群地区土地利用变化主要表现为林地、草地、水域和耕地的流失,流失面积的40%转为人工表面;② 林地、草地和水域流失的空间自相关性随空间尺度增大而增强,7 km×7 km空间尺度上3种生态用地流失空间正相关性较强,且随距离阈值增加而降低;③ 距离阈值为10 km时,林地、草地流失高发区集中分布在京津冀西北部地区,水域流失高发区集中分布在东部渤海湾附近,生态环境保护应从京津冀协同发展角度,打破区域发展不均衡,促进京津冀城市群全面发展。  相似文献   

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACTIVITY OF MIYALUO FAULT AND WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE     

LI Zhen-yue  WAN Yong-ge  SHENG Shu-zhong 《地震地质》2019,41(1):72-83

Under the background of thrusting stress regime, a large number of strike-slip earthquakes occurred on the Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process, which is in the southern part of the Longmenshan Fault. In order to find the cause of their occurrence, stress tensors in subregions near the Miyaluo Fault are estimated. The result shows that in both north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault, the direction of principal compressive stress is nearly perpendicular to the Longmenshan Fault, and its dip is nearly horizontal, and the direction of tensile stress is nearly vertical. While in the Miyaluo fault zone, the direction of principal compressive stress is SWW-NEE, and its dip is nearly horizontal, the direction of principal tensile stress is NNW-SSE, also its dip is nearly horizontal. It is consistent with sinistral shear stress state in the Miyaluo fault zone. It was referred that the behavior of Miyaluo Fault during the Wenchuan earthquake sequence process was caused by tearing effect generated from unbalanced forces of two sides of the fault. To understand the rupture mode of the aftershocks in subregions as described above, the total seismic moment tensors are estimated by adding the corresponding component separately of the seismic moment tensor of aftershocks in each region. The result shows the similar trend of total seismic moment tensor components in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault(indicating the consistency of rupture mode in the north and south side of the Miyaluo Fault), and most seismic moment tensor components in the south side is higher than that in the north side, especially the compression component perpendicular to Longmenshan Fault and expansion component in the vertical direction. It indicates that thrusting component in the southeast direction in the south side is greater than that in the north side, and the thrusting difference causes the sinistral tearing effect of the Miyaluo Fault. We also find that the sinistral tearing component of the Miyaluo Fault is the same order of magnitude with the thrusting difference of its two sides, which indicates that the tearing effect of Miyaluo Fault can be completely explained by thrusting difference of its two sides. According to the analysis, we put forward the dynamic model of the Miyaluo Fault, which can explain the above phenomenon.  相似文献   

Effect of rainfall uncertainty on the performance of physically based rainfall–runoff models     

Ignacio Fraga  Luis Cea  Jernimo Puertas 《水文研究》2019,33(1):160-173

This paper analyses the effect of rain data uncertainty on the performance of two hydrological models with different spatial structures: a semidistributed and a fully distributed model. The study is performed on a small catchment of 19.6 km² located in the north‐west of Spain, where the arrival of low pressure fronts from the Atlantic Ocean causes highly variable rainfall events. The rainfall fields in this catchment during a series of storm events are estimated using rainfall point measurements. The uncertainty of the estimated fields is quantified using a conditional simulation technique. Discharge and rain data, including the uncertainty of the estimated rainfall fields, are then used to calibrate and validate both hydrological models following the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology. In the storm events analysed, the two models show similar performance. In all cases, results show that the calibrated distribution of the input parameters narrows when the rain uncertainty is included in the analysis. Otherwise, when rain uncertainty is not considered, the calibration of the input parameters must account for all uncertainty in the rainfall–runoff transformation process. Also, in both models, the uncertainty of the predicted discharges increase in similar magnitude when the uncertainty of rainfall input increase.  相似文献   

Spectral analysis of continuous redox data reveals geochemical dynamics near the stream–aquifer interface     

Corey D. Wallace  Audrey H. Sawyer  Rebecca T. Barnes 《水文研究》2019,33(3):405-413

Changes in streamflow and water table elevation influence oxidation–reduction (redox) conditions near river–aquifer interfaces, with potentially important consequences for solute fluxes and biogeochemical reaction rates. Although continuous measurements of groundwater chemistry can be arduous, in situ sensors reveal chemistry dynamics across a wide range of timescales. We monitored redox potential in an aquifer adjacent to a tidal river and used spectral and wavelet analyses to link redox responses to hydrologic perturbations within the bed and banks. Storms perturb redox potential within both the bed and banks over timescales of days to weeks. Tides drive semidiurnal oscillations in redox potential within the streambed that are absent in the banks. Wavelet analysis shows that tidal redox oscillations in the bed are greatest during late summer (wavelet magnitude of 5.62 mV) when river stage fluctuations are on the order of 70 cm and microbial activity is relatively high. Tidal redox oscillations diminish during the winter (wavelet magnitude of 2.73 mV) when river stage fluctuations are smaller (on the order of 50 cm) and microbial activity is presumably low. Although traditional geochemical observations are often limited to summer baseflow conditions, in situ redox sensing provides continuous, high‐resolution chemical characterization of the subsurface, revealing transport and reaction processes across spatial and temporal scales in aquifers.  相似文献   

Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin,in response to climate change and human activities     

Chaojun Gu  Xingmin Mu  Peng Gao  Guangju Zhao  Wenyi Sun 《水文研究》2019,33(4):585-601

Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day^?1, P12: 12–25 mm·day^?1, P25: 25–50 mm·day^?1, P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day^?1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year^?1) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors (>50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.  相似文献   

A geomorphology‐based integrated stream–aquifer interaction model for semi‐gauged catchments     

Soumyaranjan Sahoo  Bhabagrahi Sahoo 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1362-1377

Many of the existing stream–aquifer interaction models available in the literature are very complex with limited applicability in semi‐gauged and ungauged catchments. In this study, to estimate the influent and effluent subsurface water fluxes under limited geo‐hydrometeorological data availability conditions, a simple stream–aquifer interaction model, namely, the variable parameter McCarthy–Muskingum (VPMM) hillslope‐storage Boussinesq (hsB) model, has been developed. This novel model couples the VPMM streamflow transport with the hsB groundwater flow transport modules in online mode. In this integrated model, the surface water–groundwater flux exchange process is modelled by the Darcian approach with the variable hydraulic heads between the river stage and groundwater table accounting for the rainfall forcing. Considering the exchange fluxes in the hyporheic zone and lateral overland flow contribution, this approach is field tested in a typical 48‐km stretch of the Brahmani River in eastern India to simulate the streamflow and its depth with the minimum Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 94% and 88%; the maximum root mean square error of 134 m³/s and 0.35 m; and the minimum index of agreement of 98% and 97%, respectively. This modelling approach could be very well utilized in data‐scarce world‐river basins to estimate the stream–aquifer exchange flux due to rainfall forcings.  相似文献   

An ensemble approach for the analysis of extreme rainfall under climate change in Naples (Italy)     

Roberta Padulano  Alfredo Reder  Guido Rianna 《水文研究》2019,33(14):2020-2036

In the present paper, an ensemble approach is proposed to estimate possible modifications caused by climate changes in the extreme precipitation regime, with the rain gauge Napoli Servizio Idrografico (Naples, Italy) chosen as test case. The proposed research, focused on the analysis of extremes on the basis of climate model simulations and rainfall observations, is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, all the dynamically downscaled EURO‐CORDEX simulations at about 12 km horizontal resolution are collected for the current period 1971–2000 and the future period 2071–2100, for the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 concentration scenarios. In the second step, the significance of climate change effects on extreme precipitation is statistically tested by comparing current and future simulated data and bias‐correction is performed by means of a novel approach based on a combination of simple delta change and quantile delta mapping, in compliance with the storm index method. In the third step, two different ensemble models are proposed, accounting for the variabilities given by the use of different climate models and for their hindcast performances. Finally, the ensemble models are used to build novel intensity–duration–frequency curves, and their effects on the early warning system thresholds for the area of interest are evaluated.  相似文献   

车辆行驶振动对古长城影响分析及评价          下载免费PDF全文

杜浩  陈祥  王登科 《地震工程学报》2019,41(6):1448-1453

交通振动会对周边古建筑产生不利影响,研究振动规律对古建筑的稳定性评价非常重要。为此,利用振动探测仪采集古长城因周边道路车辆行驶引起的振动数据。通过解译振动波形了解场地的振动强度衰减过程及大小,确定振动强度及对长城的影响,以及各因素与振动强度的关系。以国家古建筑允许振动规范对波形解译结果进行评价,为解决此类文明遗址的保护问题提供了技术支撑。分析结果表明:不同路况,振动衰减规律不同,路况较好振动强度衰减迅速;行驶车辆的车速、荷载及行驶道路质量均可影响长城水平振动强度,车速越快、荷载越大、道路质量越差,长城水平振动强度越大;长城不同位置对车辆行驶产生的振动响应不同,长城脚水平振动强度大于长城顶水平振动强度。  相似文献   

2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间空间分布特征     

戴勇  高立新  姚丽  朱培育  格根  王磊 《地震》2019,39(3):106-114

2013年6月16日, 中国大陆西部出现地磁低点位移。 异常出现后一个月内, 位于低点位移分界线附近发生7月22日岷县、 漳县交界6.6级地震。 本文通过采用实测低点时间减去理论低点时间的方法剔除低点时间经度效应, 并以剔除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震震中处于6月16日地磁低点位移分界线上。 对异常期间的中国大陆地区地磁垂直分量日变形态进行统计, 发现其存在显著的分区特征, 低点时间为正的区域内日变化形态基本呈现W型, 低点时间为负的区域内日变化形态主要呈现V字型特征。 低点位移异常日期间, 中国大陆存在显著的高梯度带, 本文采用梯度值定量描述低点时间空间变化程度。 在6月13日正常日期间, 中国大陆地区未出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 在6月16日异常日期间, 出现梯度值大于1.5 h/(°)的区域, 2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震位于高梯度区边缘。  相似文献   

2010智利莫尔Mw8.8地震对其破裂区及附近地区地震活动性的影响     

武安绪  陈学忠  李艳娥 《地震》2019,39(1):146-154

强震的发生与地壳中应力增加有关。 库仑破裂应力被用于研究由于某次强震发生所产生的应力变化。 2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震发生之后, 其破裂区以南地区没有发生M≥6.0地震, 而在其以北地区于2015年在智利发生了伊亚佩尔M_W8.3级地震。 在这两个地区地震活动性悬殊。 本文利用库仑破裂应力研究了2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震在这两个地区产生的应力变化。 结果表明, 2010年智利莫尔M_W8.8地震在其破裂区以北地区产生的应力变化为正值, 有利于断层错动发震, 而在其破裂区以南地区产生的应力变化为负值, 具有抑制断层错动发震的作用。  相似文献